When we sleep, we undergo different stages of sleep. The deepest stage of sleep is REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. It has been called so because it can be recognized by rapid, random eye movements. This stage of sleep normally occurs in the early hours of the morning. This particular stage has been linked to dreaming, but it may serve basic functions as well. Continue reading
Category Archives: Cognitive Psychology
Mnemonic Devices: The Art of Improving Memory
The deeper we process information, the better we will remember it. It’s as simple as that. Luckily, there is a way to improve our memory, but it takes effortful and intentional processing. This means, if we want to improve our memory, we must practice. Continue reading
Posted in Learning, Memory, Self-help
Tagged learning, memory, memory palace, sherlock holmes
Psychology Shows How We Recognize Faces
Whenever we perceive another person, the first things we notice are very general features like gender and age, according to the feature theory of face perception.
How We Perceive Depth (Monucular and Binocular Depth Cues)
The eye (i.e., the retina) receives sensory input in only two dimensions (length and width). It is therefore the brain’s task to make these cues into a three-dimensional perception. Continue reading
Posted in Perception
How The Brain Makes Sense of Sensory Stimuli: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing

Perception is how the brain makes sense of sensory stimuli: perception is the organization, identification and interpretation of sensory stimuli.
To create our perceptions, the brain makes use of two processing systems, namely the bottom-up and the top-down processing system. Continue reading
The Certainty Effect: Why We Fail at Calculating Probabilities
Posted in Cognitive Bias
Tagged calculation, cognitive bias, cognitive error, empirical, experiment, probability, research, statistics
Medium Maximization: The Tendency to Focus on Immediate Outcomes
A medium has no value in itself, but it can be traded for another desired outcome. An effort may lead to a medium that, in turn, may lead to an outcome.
Posted in Cognitive Bias, Organizational Psychology, Success
Tagged happiness, the medium effect
Psychological Myopia: The Tendency to Think Short-Sightedly
Psychological myopia refers to the tendency in decision makers to focus on information immediately related to their judgment and to ignore other, less prominent, pieces of information. Continue reading